Thermal management is an integrated concept. If it is decomposed into details, it will be a very huge subject.

1. Under severe working conditions, the whole vehicle has no risk of heat damage; 2. Under low load conditions, the water pump and fan reduce power consumption and avoid waste; 3. During warm-up, avoid energy dissipation and improve emissions. Under partial load conditions, appropriately increase engine wall temperature and improve thermal efficiency. The relationship between these three points is progressive. In addition, it is the passenger's demand for air conditioning and the control of warm air. When we should consider these aspects in turn, many specific problems will be involved.